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We have summarized the essential of this book by the author. The most important trends in economic thought in the 19th and early 20th centuries are: On the one hand, those that are based on the labor theory of value, whose main exponent is Ricardo. The interest of this school is the study of exchange relations and income distribution. This line of thought is continued by Marx; Although the same part of the study of capitalist production as a stage of historical and transitory social development, instead of considering the categories of the capitalist economy, studied by Ricardo, as eternal and independent of history.