Some twenty inorganic elements, many of them metals, are consistently found in living systems and are essential to the proper functioning of those systems....
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Some twenty inorganic elements, many of them metals, are consistently found in living systems and are essential to the proper functioning of those systems. The aim of this text is to discuss, describe, and explain the functional relevance of those the reasons for the processes of their uptake, transport, and localization in cells; the regulation of these processes; and the network of reactions that connects the in vivo inorganic elements to the environment and to the genome and the proteome.
The first seven chapters describe the physical, chemical, and biological principles of the involvement of the elements in cellular activity. The next twelve chapters describe the uses of the individual inorganic elements: a section on the genetic control of each element is included. A final chapter explains how the interaction of genes, proteins, small molecules, and organic elements plays such an important role in evolution and speciation of organisms. The second edition of The biological chemistry of the elements is thoroughly revised in content and style. New to this edition are discussions of: the links to the genome of the uptake and transfer of elements and the regulation of homeostasis; the evolution of usage; the functional cooperative activities of the elements; interactions with the environment; and the influence of elements on evolution and speciation.
Sommaire
THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL FACTORS CONTROLLING THE ELEMENTS OF LIFE
The chemical elements in biology
The principles of the uptake and chemical speciation of the elements in biology
Physical separations of elements: compartments and zones in biology
Kinetic considerations of chemical reactions, catalysis, and control
Energy in biological systems and hydrogen biochemistry
The role of biological macromolecules and polymers
The functional value of the chemical elements in biological systems
THE ROLES OF INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS IN BIOLOGY
Sodium, potassium, and chlorine: osmotic control, electrolytic equilibria, and currents
The biological chemistry of magnesium: phosphate metabolism
Calcium: controls and triggers
Zinc: Lewis acid catalysis and regulation
Non-haem iron: redox reactions and controls
Haem iron: coupled redox reactions
Manganese: dioxygen evolution and glycosylation
Copper: extracytoplasmic oxidases and matrix formation
Nickel and cobalt: remnants of early life? Molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, and chromium
Phosphate, silica, and chloride: acid-base non-metals
J.J.R. Frausto da Silva is Professor of Analytical Chemistry, Instituto Superior Tecnico de Lisboa, Portugal.
R. J. P. Williams is Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of Oxford.
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